# Copyright 2024 Big Vision Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Gemma adaptation for Pi, taken from big_vision.

We follow this einsum axis naming convention:
  B: batch
  T: query length
  S: k/v length
  N: num query heads
  K: num k/v heads
  G: num query heads per k/v head
  H: head dim
  D: d_model ("features")
"""

from collections.abc import Sequence
import dataclasses
from typing import Literal, TypeAlias

import einops
import flax.linen as nn
import jax
import jax.numpy as jnp

import openpi.models.lora as lora
import openpi.shared.array_typing as at
import openpi.training.sharding as sharding

PALIGEMMA_VOCAB_SIZE = 257_152


@dataclasses.dataclass
class Config:
    width: int
    depth: int
    mlp_dim: int
    num_heads: int
    num_kv_heads: int
    head_dim: int
    lora_configs: dict[str, lora.LoRAConfig] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=dict)


Variant = Literal["dummy", "gemma_300m", "gemma_2b", "gemma_2b_lora"]


def get_config(variant: Variant) -> Config:
    """Returns config for specified gemma variant."""
    if variant == "dummy":
        return Config(
            width=64,
            depth=4,
            mlp_dim=128,
            num_heads=8,
            num_kv_heads=1,
            head_dim=16,
        )
    if variant == "gemma_300m":
        # 311M params
        return Config(
            width=1024,
            depth=18,
            mlp_dim=4096,
            num_heads=8,
            num_kv_heads=1,
            head_dim=256,
        )
    if variant == "gemma_2b":
        return Config(
            width=2048,
            depth=18,
            mlp_dim=16_384,
            num_heads=8,
            num_kv_heads=1,
            head_dim=256,
        )
    if variant == "gemma_2b_lora":
        return Config(
            width=2048,
            depth=18,
            mlp_dim=16_384,
            num_heads=8,
            num_kv_heads=1,
            head_dim=256,
            lora_configs={
                "attn": lora.LoRAConfig(rank=16, alpha=16.0),
                "ffn": lora.LoRAConfig(rank=16, alpha=16.0)
            },
        )
    if variant == "gemma_300m_lora":
        # 311M params
        return Config(
            width=1024,
            depth=18,
            mlp_dim=4096,
            num_heads=8,
            num_kv_heads=1,
            head_dim=256,
            lora_configs={
                "attn": lora.LoRAConfig(rank=32, alpha=32.0),
                "ffn": lora.LoRAConfig(rank=32, alpha=32.0)
            },
        )
    raise ValueError(f"Unknown variant: {variant}")


@at.typecheck
class RMSNorm(nn.Module):

    @nn.compact
    def __call__(self, x):
        dtype = x.dtype  # original dtype, could be half-precision
        scale = self.param("scale", nn.initializers.zeros_init(), (x.shape[-1]))
        var = jnp.mean(jnp.square(x.astype(jnp.float32)), axis=-1, keepdims=True)  # compute variance in float32
        normed_inputs = jnp.asarray(x * jnp.reciprocal(jnp.sqrt(var + 1e-06)))  # compute normalization in float32
        normed_inputs = normed_inputs * (1 + scale
                                         )  # scale by learned parameter in float32 (matches Flax implementation)
        return normed_inputs.astype(dtype)  # return in original dtype


@at.typecheck
class Embedder(nn.Module):
    """Embedder module."""

    vocab_size: int
    embed_dim: int

    def setup(self):
        self.input_embedding_table = self.param(
            "input_embedding",
            nn.initializers.normal(),
            (self.vocab_size, self.embed_dim),
        )

    def encode(self, x):
        x = self.input_embedding_table[(x, )]
        x *= jnp.sqrt(self.embed_dim).astype(x.dtype)
        return x

    def decode(self, x):
        return jnp.dot(x, self.input_embedding_table.T)


@at.typecheck
class Attention(nn.Module):
    """Attention module."""

    configs: Sequence[Config]

    @nn.compact
    def __call__(self, xs, positions, attn_mask, kv_cache):
        # all experts must share the same head dim, num heads, and num kv heads for self-attention to work
        assert all(config.head_dim == self.configs[0].head_dim for config in self.configs)
        assert all(config.num_heads == self.configs[0].num_heads for config in self.configs)
        assert all(config.num_kv_heads == self.configs[0].num_kv_heads for config in self.configs)

        dtype = next(x.dtype for x in xs if x is not None)  # original dtype, could be half-precision

        qkvs = []
        for i, (x, config) in enumerate(zip(xs, self.configs, strict=True)):
            if x is None:
                continue
            if config.num_kv_heads == config.num_heads:
                qkv_einsum = lora.Einsum(
                    shape=(3, config.num_heads, config.width, config.head_dim),
                    name=_name("qkv_einsum", i),
                    init_fn=nn.initializers.lecun_normal(in_axis=-2, out_axis=-1, batch_axis=(0, 1)),
                    lora_config=config.lora_configs.get("attn"),
                )
                qkvs.append(qkv_einsum("BSD,3KDH->3BSKH", x))
            else:
                q_einsum = lora.Einsum(
                    shape=(config.num_heads, config.width, config.head_dim),
                    name=_name("q_einsum", i),
                    init_fn=nn.initializers.lecun_normal(in_axis=-2, out_axis=-1, batch_axis=(0, )),
                    lora_config=config.lora_configs.get("attn"),
                )
                q = q_einsum("BTD,NDH->BTNH", x)
                kv_einsum = lora.Einsum(
                    shape=(2, config.num_kv_heads, config.width, config.head_dim),
                    name=_name("kv_einsum", i),
                    init_fn=nn.initializers.lecun_normal(in_axis=-2, out_axis=-1, batch_axis=(0, 1)),
                    lora_config=config.lora_configs.get("attn"),
                )
                k, v = kv_einsum("BSD,2KDH->2BSKH", x)
                qkvs.append((q, k, v))

        q, k, v = (jnp.concatenate(y, axis=1) for y in zip(*qkvs, strict=True))

        q = _apply_rope(q, positions=positions)
        q *= self.configs[0].head_dim**-0.5

        k = _apply_rope(k, positions=positions)

        # should still be half-precision here (if input was half-precision)
        assert q.dtype == k.dtype == v.dtype == dtype

        if kv_cache is not None:
            cache_k, cache_v = kv_cache
            k = jnp.concatenate([cache_k, k], axis=1)
            v = jnp.concatenate([cache_v, v], axis=1)

        q = einops.rearrange(q, "B T (K G) H -> B T K G H", K=self.configs[0].num_kv_heads)
        logits = jnp.einsum("BTKGH,BSKH->BKGTS", q, k, preferred_element_type=jnp.float32)

        if attn_mask.shape != (q.shape[0], 1, q.shape[1], k.shape[1]):
            raise ValueError(
                f"Attention mask with shape {attn_mask.shape} but shapes for q and k are: {q.shape} and {k.shape}")

        # big_neg = jnp.finfo(logits.dtype).min
        big_neg = -2.3819763e38  # See gemma/modules.py
        masked_logits = jnp.where(attn_mask[:, :, None, :, :], logits, big_neg)

        probs = jax.nn.softmax(masked_logits, axis=-1).astype(dtype)

        encoded = jnp.einsum("BKGTS,BSKH->BTKGH", probs, v)
        encoded = einops.rearrange(encoded, "B T K G H -> B T (K G) H")

        out = []
        start = 0
        for i, (x, config) in enumerate(zip(xs, self.configs, strict=True)):
            if x is not None:
                end = start + x.shape[1]
                out_einsum = lora.Einsum(
                    shape=(config.num_heads, config.head_dim, config.width),
                    name=_name("attn_vec_einsum", i),
                    init_fn=nn.initializers.lecun_normal(in_axis=(-3, -2), out_axis=-1),
                    lora_config=config.lora_configs.get("attn"),
                )
                out.append(out_einsum("BTNH,NHD->BTD", encoded[:, start:end]))
                start = end
            else:
                out.append(None)

        return out, (k, v)


@at.typecheck
class FeedForward(nn.Module):
    """Feed forward module."""

    features: int
    hidden_dim: int

    @nn.compact
    def __call__(self, x):
        dtype = x.dtype  # original dtype, could be half-precision
        w_gating = self.param(
            "gating_einsum",
            nn.initializers.lecun_normal(in_axis=-2, out_axis=-1, batch_axis=(0, )),
            (2, self.features, self.hidden_dim),
        ).astype(dtype)
        ff_gate = jnp.dot(x, w_gating[0])
        gate_value = nn.gelu(ff_gate)

        ff1 = jnp.dot(x, w_gating[1])
        activations = gate_value * ff1

        w_linear = self.param(
            "linear",
            nn.initializers.lecun_normal(in_axis=-2, out_axis=-1),
            (self.hidden_dim, self.features),
        ).astype(dtype)
        outputs = jnp.dot(activations, w_linear)
        assert outputs.dtype == dtype
        return outputs


@at.typecheck
class Block(nn.Module):
    """Transformer block."""

    configs: Sequence[Config]

    dropout: float = 0.0
    dropout_bdims: tuple[int, ...] = ()

    @nn.compact
    def __call__(self, xs, kv_cache, positions, attn_mask, decode, deterministic=True):  # noqa: FBT002
        xs = sharding.activation_sharding_constraint(xs)
        drop = nn.Dropout(self.dropout, self.dropout_bdims) if self.dropout else lambda x, _: x

        attn = Attention(configs=self.configs, name="attn")

        pre_attn = []
        for i, x in enumerate(xs):
            if x is not None:
                x = RMSNorm(name=_name("pre_attention_norm", i))(x)  # noqa: PLW2901
            pre_attn.append(x)

        pre_attn = sharding.activation_sharding_constraint(pre_attn)
        post_attn, kv_cache = attn(pre_attn, positions, attn_mask, kv_cache)
        post_attn = jax.tree.map(lambda x: drop(x, deterministic), post_attn)
        post_attn = sharding.activation_sharding_constraint(post_attn)
        xs = jax.tree.map(lambda x, y: x + y, xs, post_attn)
        xs = sharding.activation_sharding_constraint(xs)

        out = []
        for i, (x, config) in enumerate(zip(xs, self.configs, strict=True)):
            if x is not None:
                x = RMSNorm(name=_name("pre_ffw_norm", i))(x)  # noqa: PLW2901
                x = lora.FeedForward(  # noqa: PLW2901
                    features=config.width,
                    hidden_dim=config.mlp_dim,
                    name=_name("mlp", i),
                    lora_config=config.lora_configs.get("ffn"),
                )(x)
            out.append(x)

        out = sharding.activation_sharding_constraint(out)

        out = jax.tree.map(lambda x: drop(x, deterministic), out)
        xs = jax.tree.map(lambda x, y: x + y, xs, out)
        xs = sharding.activation_sharding_constraint(xs)

        return xs, kv_cache


KVCache: TypeAlias = tuple[at.Float[at.Array, "l b _t _k _h"], at.Float[at.Array, "l b _t _v _h"]]


@at.typecheck
class Module(nn.Module):
    """Transformer model, supporting a mixture of different weights for different tokens."""

    configs: Sequence[Config]  # list of configs, one for each expert
    embed_dtype: str

    dropout: float = 0.0
    dropout_bdims: tuple[int, ...] = ()  # Every float is dropped independently.

    def setup(self):
        # all experts must have the same depth
        assert all(config.depth == self.configs[0].depth for config in self.configs)

        self.embedder = Embedder(
            vocab_size=PALIGEMMA_VOCAB_SIZE,
            embed_dim=self.configs[0].width,  # embedder for first expert only
            name="embedder",
        )
        block_cls = nn.remat(
            Block,
            prevent_cse=False,
            static_argnums=(5, ),  # 0=self, 5=deterministic
            policy=jax.checkpoint_policies.nothing_saveable,
        )
        self.layers = nn.scan(
            block_cls,
            variable_axes={"params": 0},
            split_rngs={
                "params": True,
                "dropout": True
            },
            in_axes=(0, nn.broadcast, nn.broadcast, nn.broadcast),  # 0=kv_cache, 1=positions, 2=mask, 3=decode
            length=self.configs[0].depth,
        )(
            configs=self.configs,
            dropout=self.dropout,
            dropout_bdims=self.dropout_bdims,
        )
        self.final_norms = [RMSNorm(name=_name("final_norm", i)) for i in range(len(self.configs))]

    @at.typecheck
    def embed(self, tokens: at.Int[at.Array, "b t"]) -> at.Float[at.Array, "b t d"]:
        return self.embedder.encode(tokens).astype(self.embed_dtype)

    @at.typecheck
    def __call__(
        self,
        # list of token arrays, one for each expert, or None if that expert should not be run
        embedded: Sequence[at.Float[at.Array, "b _t _d"] | None],
        positions: at.Int[at.Array, "b t"],
        mask: at.Bool[at.Array, "b t s"],
        *,
        kv_cache: KVCache | None = None,
        deterministic: bool = True,
    ) -> tuple[Sequence[at.Float[at.Array, "b _t _d"] | None], KVCache]:
        embedded = jax.tree.map(lambda e: e.astype(self.embed_dtype), embedded)
        mask = jnp.asarray(mask)[:, None, :, :]

        embedded, kv_cache = self.layers(embedded, kv_cache, positions, mask, deterministic)

        assert all(e.dtype == jnp.dtype(self.embed_dtype) for e in embedded if e is not None)

        return [f(e) if e is not None else e for f, e in zip(self.final_norms, embedded, strict=True)], kv_cache

    def init(self):
        """Convenience method for initializing all parameters, necessary due to the quirks of linen."""
        self.embed(jnp.zeros((1, 1), dtype=jnp.int32))
        self(
            [jnp.zeros((1, 1, c.width)) for c in self.configs],
            jnp.zeros((1, len(self.configs)), dtype=jnp.int32),
            jnp.zeros((1, len(self.configs), len(self.configs)), dtype=bool),
        )


def _apply_rope(x, *, positions, max_wavelength=10_000):
    """Applies RoPE positions [B, L] to x [B, L, H, D]."""
    freq_exponents = (2.0 / x.shape[-1]) * jnp.arange(x.shape[-1] // 2, dtype=jnp.float32)
    timescale = max_wavelength**freq_exponents
    radians = positions[..., None] / timescale[None, None, :]
    radians = radians[..., None, :]
    assert radians.dtype == jnp.float32
    # radians.shape = [...,L,1,d=D/2]
    sin, cos = jnp.sin(radians), jnp.cos(radians)
    x1, x2 = jnp.split(x, 2, axis=-1)
    res = jnp.concatenate([x1 * cos - x2 * sin, x2 * cos + x1 * sin], axis=-1)
    assert res.dtype == jnp.float32
    # The original bigvision impl allows RoPE to upcast to float32. It is then immediately downcast again to the cache
    # dtype when in inference mode (but not in training mode). I don't think any of this was intentional. Based on the
    # original DeepMind impl, as well as the widely-used transformers impl, it is ok to always downcast back to bfloat16
    # here.
    return res.astype(x.dtype)


def _name(name, i):
    # we name layers like this because we want the first expert's weights to have no suffix (e.g., "attn"), so that they
    # can be loaded seamlessly from the existing PaliGemma checkpoint. subsequent experts will have a suffix (e.g.,
    # "attn_1") and their weights will be initialized from scratch. in practice, we only use two experts -- PaliGemma,
    # and the action expert.
    if i == 0:
        return name
    return f"{name}_{i}"
